Which term refers to a structured negotiation process without a third-party facilitator?

The term that refers to a structured negotiation process without a third-party facilitator is negotiation. In this context, negotiation involves two or more parties communicating directly with each other to reach an agreement on various issues, such as contracts, terms, or conflict resolution. This process is typically characterized by open dialogue and can involve differing interests, yet it aims for mutual benefit without external intervention.

Other forms of dispute resolution, such as arbitration and mediation, do involve third-party facilitators. In arbitration, a neutral third party makes a binding decision based on the evidence and arguments presented by the disputing parties. Mediation also involves a facilitator who helps the parties communicate and work towards a mutually agreeable solution but does not have the authority to impose a decision. Litigation is an entirely different process involving court intervention where a judge or jury makes the final ruling, diverging significantly from the collaborative nature of negotiation.